Leaf Mould
Method
Leaf mould is a simple, slow compost made chiefly from fallen autumn leaves. Fungi gradually soften the leaves into a dark, crumbly material that improves soil structure and holds moisture beautifully. It is not a strong fertiliser, but it is one of the most useful free soil conditioners for British gardens.
How it works
Collect leaves when dry where possible, then dampen them lightly and confine them in a wire cage, reusable leaf-mould sacks or perforated bin bags. Airborne fungi and moisture break down the leaf fibres over time. Shredding leaves with a mower speeds the process, especially for tough leaves. Most mixtures are ready as a rough mulch after about a year and as finer leaf mould after two years. Turn once if the pile becomes matted, but frequent mixing is unnecessary. Evergreen needles and very tough leaves simply need longer.
Details
Place the store in a shaded, unobtrusive corner and label it with the autumn year. Use fallen leaves from paths, lawns and borders, but leave diseased leaves out if you prefer a cautious approach. Avoid gathering leaves heavily contaminated with road grit or litter. Keep the pile damp through dry spells, using water from a water butt, but never sodden. A wire enclosure allows a large volume of leaves to settle naturally; bagged leaves suit smaller gardens. Mix the finished material into borders, spread it as mulch, or add it to homemade potting mixes with mature garden compost.
Tips
Save a few dry leaves or shredded paper for balancing kitchen scraps in your main compost bin. Leaf mould can look unchanged for months, especially in winter, so judge readiness by its soft, earthy texture rather than its colour alone. Do not add meat, fish, dairy, cooked food or pet waste to a leaf-mould store.
Leaf Mould: frequently asked questions
How does leaf mould work?
Collect leaves when dry where possible, then dampen them lightly and confine them in a wire cage, reusable leaf-mould sacks or perforated bin bags.
What do I need to know about leaf mould?
Place the store in a shaded, unobtrusive corner and label it with the autumn year.
What are some tips for leaf mould?
Save a few dry leaves or shredded paper for balancing kitchen scraps in your main compost bin.
General guidance for UK gardens and allotments. Page updated 18 Sep 2026.