How to Grow Medlar
Fruit Tree
Medlar is an unusual, small ornamental fruit tree, prized for spring blossom, broad leaves, autumn colour and characterful brown fruits. It suits gardeners who enjoy heritage varieties and low-maintenance trees. The fruit is harvested in autumn then allowed to soften, a process called bletting, before its distinctive flavour develops.
Planting & rootstocks
Medlars are often grafted on quince rootstocks for a compact tree, or may be grown on their own roots; rootstock controls size and vigour. Plant bare-root trees from November to March during dormancy, avoiding frozen or waterlogged ground. Place the tree at its nursery depth, with any graft union above soil, stake it and water in well. Give it space to form its picturesque, spreading outline, or select a trained form for a smaller garden.
Pollination
Medlars are self-fertile, so a single tree can produce fruit. Their open spring flowers are visited by insects, and a sunny, sheltered position helps pollination in cool seasons. A second medlar is optional rather than necessary. Do not confuse self-fertility with instant productivity: young trees still need time to establish a flowering framework before reliable crops develop.
Care & pruning
Medlars need little pruning. In late winter, while dormant, remove dead, damaged or crossing branches and retain the tree's open, naturally rounded structure. Avoid hard cutting, as it can create awkward vigorous regrowth. Mulch annually with organic matter, leaving space around the trunk, and water young trees through dry spells. Apply a light organic fertiliser only if growth is poor. Clear fallen leaves and fruit to keep the area tidy.
Years to bear
A grafted medlar often begins fruiting in three to five years. Own-root trees may take longer. Once established, it is usually reliable, provided spring blossom is not damaged by exceptional late frost.
Harvest
Harvest medlars in October or November, after the fruits have turned brown and before severe frost. Pick carefully with stalks attached, then place them in a cool, frost-free spot to blet until the flesh softens and the skin wrinkles. Check them regularly and use fruits once soft, rather than allowing mould to spread through stored batches.
Common problems
Medlars are comparatively trouble-free, but aphids, leaf spot, brown rot and fireblight can occur. Remove fallen leaves, spoiled fruit and mummified fruits, and prune lightly for good air movement. Inspect new shoots and blossom for disease symptoms, using clean tools for any removal. Avoid excessive feeding and water stress, as a balanced, uncrowded tree is better able to resist problems.
Growing Medlar: frequently asked questions
How do I grow medlar in the UK?
Medlars are often grafted on quince rootstocks for a compact tree, or may be grown on their own roots; rootstock controls size and vigour.
Does medlar need a pollination partner?
Medlars are self-fertile, so a single tree can produce fruit.
When is medlar ready to harvest?
Harvest medlars in October or November, after the fruits have turned brown and before severe frost.
General guidance for UK home growers. Variety and pollination needs vary; the RHS or a local garden centre can advise for your area. Page updated 18 Sep 2026.