Brussels sprouts are a classic British winter brassica, producing neat buds along a tall stem from autumn towards Christmas and beyond. They need a long season and firm ground, but reward planning with rich flavour that becomes sweeter and less sharp after a touch of frost.

When and how to sow

Sow in module trays from March to April, then transplant sturdy young plants from May to early June. Choose a sunny site with fertile, well-firmed soil, spacing plants 60 cm apart to allow airflow. In exposed gardens, plant deeply enough to anchor them and firm soil around the roots. Water in well, especially during dry late spring weather.

Care

Keep plants growing steadily with regular watering and a compost mulch, particularly through dry summer weather. Weed early before stems become tall. Firm soil around any loosened plant and stake tall varieties in windy places. Remove only yellowing lower leaves, keeping healthy foliage to feed developing sprouts.

Common problems

Club root can persist in soil, so rotate brassicas and avoid planting into known affected ground. Net plants against pigeons and cabbage white caterpillars. Aphids and whitefly gather in sheltered foliage; inspect regularly and remove heavily infested leaves. Good spacing reduces damp-related disease problems.

Harvest

Pick firm sprouts from the bottom of the stem upwards from autumn onwards, twisting or cutting each bud cleanly. Frost improves their flavour, so leave plants standing for winter harvest where practical. Take sprouts frequently before they loosen, and use within a few days for the finest texture.

Growing Brussels Sprouts: frequently asked questions

When should I sow brussels sprouts in the UK?

Sow in module trays from March to April, then transplant sturdy young plants from May to early June.

What are common problems when growing brussels sprouts?

Club root can persist in soil, so rotate brassicas and avoid planting into known affected ground.

When is brussels sprouts ready to harvest?

Pick firm sprouts from the bottom of the stem upwards from autumn onwards, twisting or cutting each bud cleanly.

General guidance for UK home gardens and allotments. Reference figures are typical values; your exact timing depends on your region, last-frost date and variety. Page updated 19 Sep 2026.